The probability for a random permutation of n = 4,
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First proof:
There are precisely 10 permutationen of {1,2,3,4}
which have no cycle of length 3 or 4, namely:
(1)(2)(3)(4) | ||
(12)(3)(4) | (13)(2)(3) | (14)(2)(3) |
(23)(1)(4) | (24)(1)(3) | (34)(1)(2) |
(12)(34) | (13)(24) | (14)(23) |
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Note also here: If every prisoner chooses randomly 2 drawers, then
the probability that all prisoners are pardoned, is
(0,5)4 = 0,0625 ≈ 6 %